Cost by energy delivery option
A$ per diesel-equivalent truck-hour, before electricity.
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Costs per diesel-equivalent truck-hour at an 8% real pre-tax WACC, before the cost of electricity: trucks, running costs, battery packs and charging infrastructure. Time spent charging or swapping means more trucks for the same work: about 44 for swap and 45 for the Fortescue design, against 40 diesel trucks.
Swap has the lowest cost in this comparison. The Fortescue design has more charger capital and shorter pack life, offset by no payload penalty.
Sources: Caterpillar Performance Handbook; mine feasibility studies 2018–25; Fortescue and Liebherr 2024–26; ITK estimates.